Question: What are different types of inner classes ?

Answer: Inner classes nest within other classes. A normal class is a direct member of a package. Inner classes, which became available with Java 1.1, are four types

• Static member classes
• Member classes
• Local classes
• Anonymous classes

Static member classes - a static member class is a static member of a class. Like any other static method, a static member class has access to all static methods of the parent, or top-level, class.

Member Classes - a member class is also defined as a member of a class. Unlike the static variety, the member class is instance specific and has access to any and all methods and members, even the parent's this reference.

Local Classes - Local Classes declared within a block of code and these classes are visible only within the block.

Anonymous Classes - These type of classes does not have any name and its like a local class

Java Anonymous Class Example public class SomeGUI extends JFrame { ... button member declarations ... protected void buildGUI() { button1 = new JButton(); button2 = new JButton(); ... button1.addActionListener( new java.awt.event.ActionListener() <------ Anonymous Class { public void actionPerformed(java.awt.event.ActionEvent e) { // do something } } );

Question: What are the uses of Serialization?

Answer: In some types of applications you have to write the code to serialize objects, but in many cases serialization is performed behind the scenes by various server-side containers.

These are some of the typical uses of serialization:

• To persist data for future use.
• To send data to a remote computer using such client/server Java technologies as RMI or socket programming.
• To "flatten" an object into array of bytes in memory.
• To exchange data between applets and servlets.
• To store user session in Web applications.
• To activate/passivate enterprise java beans.
• To send objects between the servers in a cluster.

Question: what is a collection ?

Answer: Collection is a group of objects. java.util package provides important types of collections. There are two fundamental types of collections they are Collection and Map. Collection types hold a group of objects, Eg. Lists and Sets where as Map types hold group of objects as key, value pairs Eg. HashMap and Hashtable.

Question: For concatenation of strings, which method is good, StringBuffer or String ?

Answer: StringBuffer is faster than String for concatenation.

Question: What is Runnable interface ? Are there any other ways to make a java program as multithred java program?

Answer: There are two ways to create new kinds of threads:

- Define a new class that extends the Thread class
- Define a new class that implements the Runnable interface, and pass an object of that class to a Thread's constructor.
- An advantage of the second approach is that the new class can be a subclass of any class, not just of the Thread class.

Here is a very simple example just to illustrate how to use the second approach to creating threads: class myThread implements Runnable { public void run() { System.out.println("I'm running!"); } } public class tstRunnable { public static void main(String[] args) { myThread my1 = new myThread(); myThread my2 = new myThread(); new Thread(my1).start(); new Thread(my2).start(); }